Cable for the transmission of mechanical movements.



N. HERZMARK.

CABLE POR THE TRANSMISSION OI MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 18, 1911. 1,049,233, Patented Dec. 31, 1912.

2 sums-SHEET 1.

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A A MHV liv INVENTOR m Z E r N e R a d M .C Nw

WTNESSES Nt HERZMARK. CABLE FOR THE TRANSM ISSION OF MECHANICAL MOVEMBNTS.

APPLICATION FILED DEG. 18, 1911.

Patented Deo. 31, 1912.

2 SHEET S-SHEET 2 INVENTOR Nicolas Her-mark J//TNESSES ATTORNEYS FENT @FFllCE NICOLAS HERZMARK, F PARIS, FRANCE.

CABLE FOR THE TRANSMISSIL'ON OF MECHANICAL MOVEll/IENTS.

To all whom fit may concern.'

Be itknown that I, NICOLAS HERZMARK, a subject ot the Emperor of Russia, and a resident of 7 Rue de Poliveau, Paris, France7 have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Cables for the Transmission of Mechanical Movements, of which the following is -a specification.

The present invention has for its object ay iiexible cable for the transmission of mechanical movements of all kinds capable of acting by traction without stretching and by compression without becoming shortened.

It consists broadly of a core constituted by one or more wires contained in the interior of a tubular helicoidal winding with contiguous spirals, the core being in permanent tension between two stops which bear at each extremity of the cable upon the helicoidal winding. rhe whole is inclosed in a guide envelop or sheath in which it is able to slide. The permanent tension to which the core is subjected is greater than the maximum tractional eii'ort. that4 the cable has to transmit in use. Consequently the core does not experience any extension during use because the tractional eorts that it then transmits are smaller than those that the extension that it permanently presents have imparted to it. Furthermore the transmission ot the compression strains takes place in an exceedingly precise manner; the convolutions ot' the helicoidal winding are always maintained in compression between the stops to which the core is attached in such a manner that no play can exist between the convolutions.

Various constructional forms of the object of the invention are illustrated by Way of example in the accompanying drawing, in which: j

Figure l is a view of a fiexible cable with a straight sheath partly in section. Fig. 2 is a view of a flexible cable with a bent sheath partly in section. Figs. 3 and 4 show two constructional forms of core. Fig. 5 shows a method of mounting the cable in section. Fig. 6 is a plan View corresponding to Fig. 5 with the fixing plug removed. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of a two-way branch. Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8-8 in Fig. 7. Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate diagrammatically the two extreme positions of the branch in Figs. 7 and 8.

a (Figs. l and 2) isthe helicoidal Wind- `ng engaged at the tWo ends upon the re- Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 311, i912 duced extremity b of rods c which constitute the stops between which the core d is stretched. The core .7- enters a central passage formed in the rods c and is xed there in any convenient manner such tor example as by soldering; e is the guide sheath or casing. The play which exists between the winding a and the sheath e is insufiicient to enable the convolutions to move relatively -to each other and to overlap each other. The compression strains are transmitted by the intermediary of the helicoidal winding a which acts in the manner of an incompressible tube and which is nevertheless able to follow all the desired inflections. The tractional strains are transmitted by the Wire or Wires which constitute the core d. The sheath e may be rigid, semifiexible or perfectly iexibler Itniay be bent at any angles however acute in such-'a manner that the cable can be employed for any control or transmission by ixing the sheath along fixed support as in the case of a conduit pipe or the wire of an electric cable. The core d should present a section capable of resisting the tractional strains to which the cable will have to be subjected.`

It is advantageous to distribute this section over as large a number ot' wires as possible in order to constitute the core by means of fine Wires presenting the maximum flexibility. Fig. 2 shows a cable lin accordance with the invention the sheath of which presents numerous bends, On pressing the rod c in the direction indicated by the arrow f the rod c3 is displaced by the same amount in the direction indicate-d by the arrow f3. On pulling the rod c in the opposite direction the rod 03 is caused to reenter the sheath by a corresponding amount. A m'ovement of any kind .can thus be transmitted to any desired distance.

rl`he core Z (Figs. 3 and Lt) is preferably constituted by means of Wires of the same nature and section.` These Wires are grouped in a parallel bundle and are individually subjected to the same tension by any convenient means. ln this condition they are firmly tied by means of a wire d wlnch can be arranged for example in accordance with a regular helicoidal winding as represented in Fig. 3. In the construction illustrated in Fig. 4 the helicoidal winding (Z presents at uniform intervals zones d2 in which the convolutions are very close together. This arrangement prevents the @SUD Application filed December 18, 1911. Serial No. 666,539.

intensa wire d from unwinding when thev cable has to be cut for any reason. The cores d thus prepared are constituted by wires arranged in absolutely identical conditions. At the time of fitting, the core and the helicoidal windings are introduced into the sheath and the core is fixped to one of the extreme stops c. Then bbearing on the helicoidal winding the core is placed in tension by subjecting it to a-tractional strain greater tha-n the maximum strain than it will have to withstand in service and its second end is fixed to the second stop c. 'llhe preparation of the core in accordance with Figs. 3 and i serves to bring the wires which con* stitute it into identical positions as far Yas possible, as explained above. Consequently when the core is'placed under tension at the time of iitting these several wires will eX- actly share the strain and concur to an equal extent in furnishing the strength of the core. lf this precaution were not taken, only a few of the wires ot the core might bear the whole strain while the other wires would perform no work.

Figs. 5 and 6 show a special method of fitting the cable, 'lFhe straight wires of which the core d is constituted are connected with the corresponding rod c in the following manner: rl`he rod c comprises a central passage through which the core passes; it is provided at its upper part with a vertical recess c2 enabling the core d to be turned over so as to wind it once or a larger number ot times around the body of the said rod. The core d is t-hen engaged in a transverse notch it formed on the outer tace of the part it and is held in this position by a cap h2 screwed on the rod c. lt should be noted that the notch it ot the part h is formed in such a manner as to enable the bundle ot wires d to be Wound around the rod c in the direction indicated by the arrow this arrangement serving to prevent the cap h2 trom becoming unscrewed when the cable is actuated by its opposite movement in the direction indicated by the arrow y because intthese conditions the bundle of wires (Z has a tendency to displace the said cap it in the direction :tor screwing it up. lhe arrangement just described is specially adapted tor placing the core in tension at the moment ot fitting. @ne oit the extremities of the core (the upper extremity Fig. 5) being lined, the tubular helicoidal winding is passed over the core d inside the sheath e whereupon the core el is engaged in the rod c which constitutes the second ertremity of the cable. rlhen bearing upon the corresponding part it a tractional ehtort is exerted upon the core ai' by any convenient mechanical means which is greater than the maximum tractional strain to which the cable will be subjected in use. 7llhe core d is turned down into the vertical recess c2 and wound around the rod c while the tension is maintained the plug h2 is then arranged in place, and fully tightened the tension mechanism is then released.' The core d then tends to shorten but is prevented vfrom doing so by the convolutions ot the windingsa which are placed in compression so that the core-(Z retains its length. Each extremity of the cable is also provided with. a device serving to guide the rod c during its displacement. rlhis device consists of a tube c connected with the rod c and which is engaged with easy friction on the rigid sheath e. The tube c is of suitable dimen sions for insuring the guidance of the rod c throughout the entire length of its displacement. The result of the arrangement is -to increase the strength of the rod c which can therefore be of very small diameter even in the case of relatively high strains. Furthermore the tube c forms a casing and prevents the introduction of dust into the sheath. rlhe connection between the tube c and the rod c may be edected in anyv convenient manner, for example by sore Ting as shown 1n Fig. 5. lt 1s possible to br .nch

ott the control cable coming from a t' ansmitting station several other cables going in different directions and each terminating at a receiving station.

Figs. and 8 show a two-way branch ot this type in which at the operating end the straight push or pull imparted to the cable need only be twice the displacement desired, whatever the number of parts controlled may be.

Figs. 9 and l() represent diagrammati cally the two extreme positions of this branching device. rl`he rigid rod c in which the operating length A ends is rendered integral with the rigid extremities ot the cables B connected with the parts to be operated. This connection is obtained by the intermediary of the guide tubes c arranged parallel one with the other and connected j one with the other in any suitable manner,

for example by means of hoops g.

As shown in Figs?, 9 and l0 the rigid ertremities c ot each cable B to be actuated are arranged inversely relatively to the rigid 1 extremity oi the control cable A and at a distance trom this extremity which is equal to the travel. ln this manner when the length A is actuated it displaces the lenvfths B by the intermediary or the rods c an ci the guide tubes c and brings the entire system into the position shown in Fig. l0. lt follows from such an arrangement that Whatever the number of lengths B may be the systemes a whole only requires for its displacement a length equal to twice the travel of the controlled parts. uin the example illustrated it has been assumed that the controlled lengths B are two in number. The lengths A. and B can also be arranged in the same direction and the extremities of their rods united one with the other. The operating cable then works by traction while the operated cables work by compression and vice versa. This latter arrangement reduced to two branches may be utilized as a relay for transforming the tractional movement of a length into a movement of compression of the second length and vice versa.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is l. In a device for transmitting power, a flexible core comprising a series of parallel Wires, flexible means for securing said wires together, a tubular, helicoidal winding havingV contiguous convolutions arranged to surround said core, and a guide sheath for said tubular helicoidal winding.

2. In a device for transmitting power, a flexible core comprising a series of parallel Wires, a flexible member wound around said parallel wires for holding them together, a tubular helicoidal winding disposed about said core and spaced therefrom, said helicoidal winding having contiguous convolutions, and an external guide sheath for said helicoidal winding.

3. In a device for transmitting power, a flexible core comprising a series of paralflexible core comprising a series of paral-4 lel wires, a flexible member wound around said parallel wires for holding them together, a tubular helicoidal winding disposed about said core and spaced therefrom,

said helicoidal wind-ing having contiguous convolutions, an external guide sheath for said helicoidal winding, a rigid rod arranged to enter each end of said sheath, said rigid rod being hollow, the end of the rod being in engagement with said helicoidal winding, the flexible core passing through the rod, and means carried by the outer end of the rod for securing'said flexiblecore to the rod.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

NICOLAS HERZMARK.

Witnesses:

CHARLES Doux, LoN PELLET. 

